The virtualization layer is implemented by the VMM and is software that runs in a layer between the VMkernel and one or more VMs. It provides the VM abstraction to the guest operating systems.
It is through the VMM that the VM leverages key technologies in the VMkernel. The VMM is part of the VMkernel and is provided for each VM.
The vSphere VMM manages CPU, memory, and input/output, or I/O, device virtualization by implementing software virtualization, hardware virtualization, or paravirtualization techniques.
Software virtualization is an approach in which the hypervisor uses binary translation technology to provide virtualization of CPU and memory for the guest operating systems.
Hardware virtualization is a technique in which hardware capabilities of current CPUs are exploited to provide virtualization of CPU and memory.
Paravirtualization is a virtualization approach that exports a modified hardware abstraction that requires operating systems to be explicitly modified and ported to run. VMware uses paravirtualization to optimize the performance of certain drivers, for example, Small Computer Systems Interface, or SCSI, and network drivers.
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